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Health Effects of Type I and II Female
Circumcision
A Bibliography including FGC-Egypt-Specific References and Submitted
Theses
Compiled by Dr. Enas Gaballa, Courtesy of EFCS
References on Psychosexual
Complications
Abdel Hady, R.M. and El Nashar, A.B.M. “Long term Impact of
Circumcision on Health of Newly Married Females in Benha City”.
Zagazig University Medical Journal, Vol. 4 No. 6: 839-852, Nov,
1998.
Abobakr, R.A.; Elsayed, M.A.; Ebrahim, O.O.; Mohamed, R.M. “Patterns
of Female Sexual Dysfunction among Egyptian Women and Whether Affected
by Female Circumcision or Not”. Suez Canal University Medical
Journal, Vol. 5 No. 1: 75-85, March, 2002.
Abou Bakr, S. “Circumcision and Infibualtion in Sudan”.
In Traditional Practices Affecting the Health of Women and Children.
Part II, p 141, WHO/EMRO. Technical Publications, Vol. 2 No. 2,
1982.
Almroth, L.; Berggren, V.A.; Hassanein, O.M.; Al-Said, S. S. E.;
Hasan, S. S. A.; Lithell, U.-B.; and Bergstrom, S. “Male Complications
of Female Genital Mutilation”. Social Science & Medicine
Vol. 53: 1455-1460, 2001.
Anonymous. “A Nurse Wins Her Battle to Ban FGM”. American
Journal of Nursing, Vol. 96 No. 12: 69-71. Dec, 1996.
Asun de Marquiegui and Huish, M. “ABC of Sexual Health: A woman’s
Sexual Life after an Operation”. BMJ Vol. 318: 178-181. 16
Jan, 1999.
Baasher, T. “Psychological Aspects of Female Circumcision”,
in Traditional Practices Affecting the Health of Women and Children.
Bulletin of WHO: 162-180, 1979.
Badri, G. “The View of Sudanese Gynaecologists, Midwives, and
College Students on Female Circumcision”. Symposium on the
Changing Status of Sudanese Women, 23 Feb- 1 May, 1979.
El Dareer, A.A. “A Study on the Prevalence and Epidemiology
of Female Circumcision in Sudan To-Date”. WHO/EMRO. Technical
Publications, Vol. 2 No. 2, 1982.
El Geneidy, M.M.; Mitwally, H.H.; and Fikry, F.E. “Experience
of Married Women with Female Circumcision” Bulletin of High
Institute of Public Health, Vol. 21 No. 3: 551-559, July, 1991.
El Maddawi, Y. and Kassem, M.F. “Knowledge, Attitude and Practice
of Female Students of One High Institute in Cairo toward Female
Circumcision”. The New Egyptian Journal of Medicine, Vol. 3
No. 5: 1859-1862, Nov, 1989.
El Nashar, A.B. “Female Sexual Dysfunction Diminished Desire”.
Presentation was made at EFCS/ESGO Meeting in 2001.
El Saadwi, N. “Circumcision of Girls”. WHO/EMRO. Technical
Publications, Vol. 2 No. 2, 1982.
Elbeih, A.A.; Abd El Aziz, M.; and Attia, A.A. “Long Term Psychosexual
Consequences of Female Circumcision (FC)”. The New Egyptian
Journal of Medicine, Vol. 19 No. 4 Suppl. 1st October, 1998.
Hussein, F.H.; Shah, K.P.; Nasir, K.A.; Igal, A.S.; Abbas, A.S.;
and Shah, P.M. “Community Study on Female Circumcision in Somalia”.
WHO/EMRO. Technical Publications, Vol. 2 No. 2, 1982.
Ismail, E.A. “Female Circumcision- Physical and Mental Complications”.
WHO/EMRO. Technical Publications, Vol. 2 No. 2, 1982.
Jordan, J.A. “Female Genital Mutilation (Female Circumcision)”.
BJOG, Vol. 101: 94-95, Feb, 1994.
Karim, M. and Ammar, R. “Female Circumcision and Sexual Desire”.
Ain Shams University Press, 1965.
Karim, M.F. “Female Circumcision: a Sexual Assault”. Proceedings
of 10th Ain Shams Medical Congress: 233-238, Mar, 1987.
Kun, K.E. “Female Genital Mutilation: The Potential for Increased
Risk of HIV Infection”. International Journal of Gynecol. &
Obstet. 59: 153-155, 1997.
Lotfy, G. and El-Defrawi, M.H. “Psychosexual Impact of Female
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1: 123-131, January, 1995.
McConville, B. “A Bloody Tradition”. Nursing Times, January
21, Volume 94, No. 3: 34-36, 1998.
Odoi, A.; Brody, S.P.; Elkins, T.E. “Female Genital Mutilation
in Rural Ghana, West Africa”. International Journal of Gynaecol
& Obstet, Vol. 56: 179-180, 1997.
Price, G. “Factors Related to Sudanese Families Deciding Against
Female Circumcision”. AHFAD University College for Women Omdurman,
Sudan.
Symposium on the Changing Status of Sudanese Women, 23 Feb- 1 May,
1979.
Sayed. G.H.; El-Gibaly, O.M.; Abd El-Aty, M.A.; Zarzour, A.H.; Monaze,
I.M.” Perceptions about Female Genital Mutilation among Female
Teachers and Students in Upper Egypt”. Egyptian Society of
Obstet & Gynaecol, Vol. 23 No. 10-11-12, OCT- Nov- Dec, 1997.
Shaker. A.A.; Megahed, H.E.; Lotfi, G.; Hassib, M.D. “Female
Circumcision in Ismailia City”. Egyptian Society of Obstet
& Gynaecol, Vol. 23 No. 4-5-6: 429-436, April-May-June, 1997.
Tawfik, T.A.; Mahmoud, A.A.C.; Ashmawy, A.A.; and Sobhy, S.I. ”
Family Planning Health Workers’ Information, Beliefs and Practices
of Female Circumcision”. Bulletin of High Institute of Public
Health, Vol. 24 No. 1: 243-262, 1994.
References on Physical Complications
Abdel Fattah, N.H.; Lashine, S.M.; and Salem, K.M. “Knowledge,
Attitude and Practice of Female Circumcision (FC) among Urban and
Rural Population in Egypt”. The Egyptian Journal of Community
Medicine, Vol. 5 No. 5: 55-68. Sep, 1989.
Adetoro, O.O. and Ebomoyi, E. “Health Implications of Traditional
Female Circumcision in Pregnancy”. Asia-Oceania Journal of
Obstet & Gynaecol, Vol. 12 No. 4: 489-492, Dec, 1986.
Arbesman, M.S.; Kahler, L.; and Buck, G.M. ” Assessment of
the Impact of Female Circumcision on the Gynaecological, Genitourinary,
and Obstetric Health Problems of Women from Somalia: Literature
Review and Case Series”. Women and Health, 20 (3): 27-42, 1993.
Brisson, P.; Patel, H.; and Feins, N. “Female Circumcision”.
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Cathy, A. Baker; George, J. Gilson; Maggie, D. Vill; and Luis, B.
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Davis, G.; Julius Ellis, M.A.J.; Hibbert, M.; Perez, R.P.; and Zimbelman,
E. ” Female Circumcision: The Prevalence and Nature of the
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Dirie, M.A. and Lindmark, G. “The Risk of Medical Complications
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in Upper Egypt”. Assiut Medical Journal Vol. 23 No. 3: 73-90,
1999.
Essen, B.; Bodker, B.; Sjoberg N-O.; Gudmundsson, S.; Ostergren,
P-O.; and Roos, J.L. “Is There an Association between Female
Circumcision and Perinatal Death?” Bulletin of WHO, 80: 629-632,
2002.
Fox, E.; de Ruiter, A.; and Bingham, J.S. “Female Genital Mutilation
in a Genitourinary Medicine Clinic: A Case Note Review”. Letter
to the Editor. International Journal of STD & AIDS. Vol. 8:
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Hakim, L.Y. “Impact of Female Genital Mutilation on Maternal
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International Family Planning Perspectives. “Severity of Genital
Cutting Is Linked to Complications experienced later in Life”.
Vol. 26 No. 1: 45-46, Mar 2000.
Jones, H.; Diop, N.; Askew, I.; and Kabore, I. “Female Genital
Cutting Practices in Burkina Faso and Mali and Their Negative Health
Outcomes”. Studies in Family Planning, Vol. 30 No. 3: 219-230,
Sep, 1999.
Khaled, K. and Vause, S. “Genital Mutilation: A Continued Abuse”.
BJOG, Vol.103: 86-87, Jan, 1996.
Kroll, G.L. and Miller, L. “Vulvar Epithelial Inclusion Cyst
As A Late Complication of Childhood Female Traditional Genital Surgery”.
Am J of Obstet & Gynaecol, Vol. 183: 509-510, 2000.
Larsen, U.; Okonofua, F.E. “Female Circumcision and Obstetric
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Vol. 77: 255-265, 2002.
Laycock, H.T. “Surgical Aspects of Female Circumcision in Somaliland”.
East African Medical Journal: 445-450. Nov, 1950.
Mawad, N.M. and Hassanein, O.M. “Female Circumcision: Three
Years’ Experience of Common Complications in Patients Treated in
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Vol. 14: 40-43, 1994.
Momoh, C.; Ladhani, S.; Denise, P. Lochrie; Rymer, J. “Female
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Morison, L.; Scherf, C.; Ekpo, G.; Paine, K.; West, B.; Coleman,
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References For and Against FGC/FGM
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Elham Fathy Amed Rostom. “Sexuality and Family Planning in
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Eman Mohammed M. Monaze. “Knowledge, Attitude and Practice
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about Risk Factors in Relation to Female Infertility”. Master
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Laila Selim Risgallah. “The Social, Psychological, and Medical
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among Egyptian Females”. Master Degree in Gynaecology and Obstetrics.
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